| .NET | Cross-platform, open-source framework known for supporting multiple programming paradigms. |
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| Ada | High-level, structured, and object-oriented language with strong typing, used for reliability in mission-critical systems. |
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| Agda | Dependently typed functional programming language and proof assistant used for writing and verifying proofs. |
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| AMPL | Algebraic modeling language for complex optimization problems in large-scale computing. |
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| APL | A concise programming language focused on multi-dimensional arrays, using unique symbols to represent functions, influencing modeling and functional programming. |
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| Assembly | Low-level programming language closely aligned with machine code instructions. |
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| AWK | Text processing and data extraction, common on Unix-like systems. |
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| Ballerina | Open source general-purpose programming language designed for cloud-native and concurrent applications. |
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| Bash | Shell and command language supported by the Free Software Foundation. |
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| BASIC | Family of high-level programming languages created in 1964 to make programming more accessible. |
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| Boo | Statically typed language with Python-like syntax and support for .NET framework features. |
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| Boomerang | Language for bidirectional transformations on textual data formats. |
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| C | General-purpose language foundational in systems and application programming. |
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| C# | Versatile high-level language supporting multiple programming paradigms. |
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| C++ | General-purpose language designed by Bjarne Stroustrup, supporting multiple programming paradigms. |
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| ChucK | Concurrent, real-time audio programming language for synthesis and performance. |
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| Ciao | Modern Prolog implementation focused on portability, extensibility, and modularity. |
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| CircuitPython | Maintained by Adafruit, simplifies Python for microcontroller applications and is implemented in C. |
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| Clean | Functional programming language known for uniqueness typing and lazy evaluation. |
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| Clojure | Dynamic language known for its expressiveness and concurrent processing capabilities. |
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| CoffeeScript | Compiles into JavaScript, enhancing its brevity with syntactic sugar inspired by Haskell, Ruby, and Python. |
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| Common Lisp | A high-performance, ANSI-standardized Lisp dialect recognized for its flexibility and macro system, supporting multiple programming paradigms. |
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| Coq | Interactive theorem prover focused on formal verification and proof checking. |
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| Crystal | Compiled, statically-typed language with Ruby-like syntax and type inference. |
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| Csound | Flexible, high-quality, domain-specific programming language for sound and music computing. |
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| Curry | Declarative language that integrates features of functional and logic programming paradigms |
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| Cython | Is an optimising static compiler for Python and Cython extensions improving performance and interoperability with C. |
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| D | Modern system programming language influenced by C++ with multiple paradigms and expressive features. |
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| Dart | Language for building web, mobile, and server apps, with tools to compile to JavaScript and WebAssembly. |
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| Datalog | Declarative logic programming language and subset of Prolog, used for deductive databases. |
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| Delphi | General-purpose programming language with an IDE for rapid application development, using the Delphi dialect of Object Pascal. |
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| Eiffel | Object-oriented programming language emphasizing design by contract. |
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| Elixir | Dynamic, functional language for scalable applications built on Erlang VM. |
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| Emacs Lisp | Lisp dialect for extending the Emacs editor. |
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| Erlang | Concurrent functional language for scalable real-time systems. |
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| erlog | A Prolog interpreter implemented in Erlang. |
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| Euphoria | User-friendly language focusing on simplicity and readability, popular for various applications on multiple OS platforms. |
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| F# | Functional-first language on the .NET platform, known for its strong typing and multi-paradigm capabilities. |
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| Factor | Stack-oriented programming language with dynamic types, extensible syntax, and a self-hosted optimizing compiler. |
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| Fantom | General-purpose object-oriented language, designed for cross-platform use and supporting static and dynamic typing. |
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| FAUST | Designed for sound synthesis and high-performance audio processing, supporting multiple backends. |
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| Fennel | Lua-compatible language with Lisp syntax and macro system. |
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| Flix | Functional, imperative, and logic language focusing on type and effect systems. |
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| Forth | Stack-oriented programming language known for its flexibility, efficiency, and use in embedded systems. |
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| Fortran | Language optimized for high-performance numerical computation and scientific computing. |
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| FreeBASIC | BASIC compiler inspired by QuickBASIC, supporting object-oriented programming. |
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| Frink | Performs physical calculations while tracking units of measure. |
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| Futhark | Functional, parallel programming language optimized for high-performance GPU and CPU execution. |
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| Gambit | Scheme implementation with both an interpreter and a C compiler, emphasizing simplicity and performance. |
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| GDB | Portable debugger for Unix-like systems supporting various languages. |
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| Gforth | Free and portable implementation of the Forth language adhering to the ANS Forth standard. |
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| Gleam | A general-purpose, functional language that compiles to Erlang and JavaScript, featuring static, inferred typing for concurrent programming. |
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| GNAT | Free Ada compiler in the GCC suite, supporting all Ada versions. |
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| GNU Prolog | A Prolog implementation with an interpreter and native compiler. |
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| Go | Statically typed, compiled language with memory safety and CSP-style concurrency, designed at Google. |
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| GraalVM | High-performance runtime for multiple languages including Java, Python, and WebAssembly, with polyglot capabilities. |
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| Groovy | Flexible and dynamic language for the Java platform with strong integration capabilities. |
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| Hack | PHP-influenced language with static and gradual typing, used on the HHVM platform. |
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| Hackety Hack | Educational platform for learning Ruby programming, using the Shoes toolkit for GUI development. |
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| Haskell | Statically-typed, purely functional language known for type inference and lazy evaluation. |
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| Haxe | High-level cross-platform language and compiler for multiple platforms. |
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| HotSpot VM | Java virtual machine known for its just-in-time compilation and adaptive optimization techniques. |
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| Hy | Lisp dialect embedded in Python, facilitating seamless integration with Python libraries and syntax. |
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| Idris | Purely-functional language for Type-Driven Development with dependent types and optional lazy evaluation. |
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| Inform | Programming language for interactive fiction, supporting natural language sentence story writing. |
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| Io | A pure object-oriented language with a prototype-based model, inspired by Smalltalk, Self, and others, emphasizing simplicity, flexibility, and concurrency. |
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| IronPython | Implementation of Python for the .NET framework. |
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| Isabelle | Automated theorem prover for formalizing mathematical proofs in higher-order logic. |
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| JavaScript | Scripting language essential for web interactivity and development. |
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| JavaScriptCore | JavaScript engine utilized in Safari and part of the WebKit project. |
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| jq | Lightweight and flexible command-line JSON processor. |
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| JRuby | Java-based implementation of Ruby, integrating closely with Java for two-way access. |
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| Julia | A dynamic language designed for numerical and scientific computing with strong support for parallel computing and multiple dispatch. |
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| Jython | Python implementation for the Java platform, enabling Python code to run on the JVM. |
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| K | Proprietary array language, foundation of kdb+, developed by Kx Systems. |
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| KornShell | Unix-based shell that combines features from C and Bourne shells, supporting POSIX standards. |
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| Kotlin | Concise, statically typed language interoperative with Java, targeting JVM and other platforms. |
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| LabVIEW | Graphical environment for data acquisition and industrial automation. |
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| Lisp | Family of programming languages known for its fully parenthesized prefix notation and influence on AI research. |
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| LLVM | Set of compiler technologies for developing language frontends and architecture backends. |
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| Logtalk | Object-oriented logic programming language extending Prolog. |
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| Lua | Lightweight, high-level language designed for embedding in applications. |
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| LuaJIT | High-performance tracing JIT compiler for Lua 5.1, known for its speed and compatibility. |
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| Max | Visual language used for multimedia and music creation. |
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| MicroPython | Subset of Python 3 tailored for microcontrollers. |
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| MoonScript | Dynamic scripting language compiling to Lua with CoffeeScript-inspired syntax. |
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| mruby | Lightweight Ruby interpreter designed for embeddability. |
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| NetLogo | Multi-agent environment for modeling complex systems. |
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| Nim | Statically typed, compiled language focusing on performance and elegant syntax, compilable to C, C++, and JavaScript. |
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| OCaml | General-purpose, multi-paradigm language extending Caml with OO features. |
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| Orca | Esoteric language for creating procedural sequencers for music and visual applications. |
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| Pascal | An imperative and procedural language designed by Niklaus Wirth, known for encouraging structured programming and data structuring. |
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| Perl | Dynamic language known for its text-processing capabilities. |
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| PKL | Configuration language for defining data structures and generating JSON or YAML outputs. |
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| Processing | Language for visual and multimedia programming. |
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| Prolog | Logic programming language used in AI and theorem proving, influenced by first-order logic for declarative tasks. |
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| Pure | Based on term rewriting, integrating symbolic computation and JIT compilation via LLVM. |
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| Pure Data | Visual programming language for interactive computer music and multimedia. |
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| PureBasic | Modern BASIC programming language that compiles to native code across multiple platforms. |
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| PureScript | Strongly-typed, purely-functional language similar to Haskell, compiling to JavaScript. |
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| PyPy | High-performance alternative implementation of Python featuring a JIT compiler for speed. |
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| Python | Dynamic, high-level programming language known for its easy-to-read syntax. |
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| R | Language and environment for statistical computing and graphics. |
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| R5RS | R5RS is the fifth version of Scheme, emphasizing minimalist and functional programming. |
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| Racket | Multi-paradigm language derived from Lisp and Scheme, known for powerful macros and libraries. |
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| Raku | Raku, formerly Perl 6, is a multi-paradigm language in the Perl family, featuring dynamic and gradual typing. |
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| Reason | Multi-paradigm language focusing on functional programming, compiling to OCaml and JavaScript. |
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| Rebol | Cross-platform multi-paradigm language known for its dialects and simplicity. |
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| Red | Programming language supporting imperative and functional paradigms, developed to overcome Rebol's limitations. |
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| Ruby | Interpreted, high-level language focused on productivity and simplicity. |
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| Rust | General-purpose programming language emphasizing performance, type safety, and concurrency. |
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| SBCL | Open-source, high-performance Common Lisp implementation derived from CMUCL. |
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| Scala | Statically typed language supporting both object-oriented and functional programming, known for addressing Java's criticisms and supporting concurrent, distributed systems. |
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| Scheme | Minimalistic Lisp dialect known for its functional programming capabilities. |
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| Scopes | Modern, multi-stage programming language with a focus on systems programming and expressiveness. |
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| Scratch | Block-based visual language for children to learn coding through interactive projects. |
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| ScratchJr | Beginner-friendly visual programming language for children aged 5 to 7. |
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| Self | Prototype-based dynamic OOP language, influenced by Smalltalk and APL, impacting JavaScript. |
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| Shen | Multi-paradigm language blending functional and logic programming for symbolic computation. |
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| Soufflé | Parallel logic programming language used for static analysis and reverse engineering, influenced by Datalog. |
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| SQL | Domain-specific language for managing data in relational databases. |
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| Squeak | Modern Smalltalk with a fast execution environment and the Morphic framework. |
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| Squirrel | Object-oriented scripting language designed for applications like video games. |
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| Standard ML | Functional programming language known for its type inference and usage in compiler writing. |
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| SuperCollider | Real-time audio synthesis and music composition. |
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| SWI-Prolog | Implementation of Prolog focused on versatility and rich libraries. |
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| Swift | Developed by Apple for its platforms, with a focus on safety and performance. |
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| Tau Prolog | An implementation of Prolog for web-based applications in JavaScript environments. |
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| Tcl | Dynamic, interpreted programming language known for its extensibility, embeddability, and support for multiple paradigms. |
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| TXL | Language for creating and manipulating programming languages with pattern-matching. |
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| V | Statically typed, compiled language emphasizing simplicity and performance. |
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| V8 | V8 is a high-performance JavaScript engine used in Chrome and Node.js. |
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| Visual Basic | Multi-paradigm language developed by Microsoft for Windows applications. |
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| Whiley | Functional and imperative language with contracts and formal specification features. |
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| Wolfram Language | High-level language used in Mathematica, known for symbolic computation and functional programming. |
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| Xojo | Cross-platform development tool and proprietary object-oriented programming language for building native applications. |
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| XQuery | W3C language for querying and transforming XML data using XPath. |
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| XSB | Prolog dialect with tabled resolution for logic programming and deductive databases. |
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| Yabasic | BASIC interpreter with basic graphical capabilities. |
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| Zig | System programming language designed as an improvement over C/C++ with native error handling and performance enhancements. |
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